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1.
Viruses ; 15(2)2023 01 24.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2250436

ABSTRACT

São Paulo is the financial center of Brazil, with a population of over 12 million, that receives travelers from all over the world for business and tourism. It was the first city in Brazil to report a case of COVID-19 that rapidly spread across the city despite the implementation of the restriction measures. Despite many reports, much is still unknown regarding the genomic diversity and transmission dynamics of this virus in the city of São Paulo. Thus, in this study, we provide a retrospective overview of the COVID-19 epidemic in São Paulo City, Southeastern, Brazil, by generating a total of 9995 near-complete genome sequences from all the city's different macro-regions (North, West, Central, East, South, and Southeast). Our analysis revealed that multiple independent introduction events of different variants (mainly Gamma, Delta, and Omicron) occurred throughout time. Additionally, our estimates of viral movement within the different macro-regions further suggested that the East and the Southeast regions were the largest contributors to the Gamma and Delta viral exchanges to other regions. Meanwhile, the North region had a higher contribution to the dispersion of the Omicron variant. Together, our results reinforce the importance of increasing SARS-CoV-2 genomic monitoring within the city and the country to track the real-time evolution of the virus and to detect earlier any eventual emergency of new variants of concern that could undermine the fight against COVID-19 in Brazil and worldwide.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Humans , COVID-19/epidemiology , SARS-CoV-2/genetics , Brazil/epidemiology , Latin America , Retrospective Studies
2.
The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases : an official publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases ; 26(1):101845-101845, 2022.
Article in English | EuropePMC | ID: covidwho-1990056

ABSTRACT

Introdução Emergências em saúde pública de importância internacional requerem rápidas respostas da ciência para nortear decisões estratégicas em políticas públicas. A pandemia de Covid- 19 é a emergência de saúde pública mais dramática da história recente. Um grupo particularmente suscetível a doenças gripais com possibilidade de evolução grave são as pessoas que vivem com HIV/AIDS (PHVA), em especial aqueles com baixa contagem de células T CD4+. Atualmente, existem cerca de 37,9 milhões de PVHA no mundo. Objetivo O objetivo deste trabalho foi indicar um painel respiratório com 24 vírus causadores de doenças respiratórias, a fim de auxiliar na detecção rápida de possíveis patógenos nas pessoas que vivem com HIV/AIDS. Métodos a partir de 15 amostras obtidas de nasofaringe e/ou orofaringe foram extraídos os materiais genéticos virais utilizando o Kit Biopur de extração (Mini Spin Vírus DNA/RNA 2.0 Flow Chip). O material genético extraído foi amplificado por PCR seguida de hibridizações correspondentes a 24 diferentes vírus respiratórios utilizando o Kit Multiplex PR24 Flow Chip automatizado - 24RX com leitura automatizada no equipamento Hybrispot 12 PCR AUTO. Resultados Das 15 amostras analisadas de indivíduos vivendo com HIV/AIDS,10 foram detectadas para SARS-COV-2, uma detectada para vírus sincicial respiratório humano (RSV), uma para Corona 229-E, e em uma foi identificada coinfecção de bocavírus e coronavírus SARS-LIKE. Conclusão A utilização do painel respiratório pode auxiliar na detecção rápida para vírus respiratórios mais específicos, uma vez que pessoas que vivem com HIV/AIDS estão mais imunossuprimidas e susceptíveis a tais infecções, tornando assim o painel respiratório um grande aliado no diagnóstico diferencial rápido.

4.
Clin Cosmet Investig Dent ; 13: 269-274, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1302057

ABSTRACT

AIM: This research suggested an in vitro virucidal action of a dental gel and a mouthwash with phthalocyanine derivative. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to report an in vitro study evaluating the virucidal capacity of mouthwash and dental gel containing anionic phthalocyanine derivate (APD). METHODS: The research followed the recommendations of the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) and adapted methodology, described in the standards EN14776: 2015; ASTM E1053-11 and the Robert Koch Institute - RKI, in addition to good laboratory practices (GLP). The determination of the percentage of inactivation of the SARS-CoV-2 virus particles was carried out by imposing the viral solution in contact with the respective tested products, with intervals of 30 seconds, 1 and 5 minutes, with subsequent submission of the aliquots, recovered in cell culture microplates following virus titration using the TCID50 (50% Median Tissue Culture Infectious Dose). RESULTS: The Mouthwash APD presented 90% of viral inactivation percentage, while the dental gel APD demonstrated 99.99% of viral inactivation. CONCLUSION: In vitro analyses showed that mouthwash and dental gel APD can reduce the viability of SARS-CoV-2 virus particles.

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